Humidity & Temperature Control in Textile Industry 🌡️ | Optimal Conditions for Every Department
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Introduction
- In textile manufacturing, precise control of humidity and temperature is critical to product quality and operational efficiency. Relative humidity (RH) affects fiber elasticity, static electricity, and dimensional stability, while temperature influences dye uptake, fabric strength, and process consistency.
- Maintaining the right humidity and temperature is critical in the textile industry. From spinning and weaving to dyeing and garment finishing, each department requires specific climate conditions to ensure high quality production and reduce fabric defects.
- This guide provides a complete breakdown of optimal humidity and temperature levels across textile departments, explains why climate control is essential, and shares best practices to improve efficiency, quality, and productivity.
 |
| Textile |
- Maintaining the right humidity and temperature is crucial in the textile industry to ensure high-quality production and smooth operations.
- Different departments like spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing, and finishing require specific climate conditions to prevent fabric defects, static electricity, and material shrinkage.
What are the Parameters are used in Textiles Area
- Humidity
- Temperature
- Moisture content
- Gas level
- Differential pressure switch
- PH,TDS Control
- Flow measurement
- Fire Alarm systems
Textile Flow Chart
- Most textile manufacturing process may be places into one of three general classification: synthetic fiber making, yarn making, or fabric making.
- Synthetic fiber manufacturing is divided into staple processing, tow to top conversion, and continuous fiber processing. Yarn making is divided into spinning and twisting, and fabric making is divided into weaving and knitting.
- Although these processes vary, their descriptions reveal the principles on which air-conditioning design for these facilities is based.
1. BLOW-ROOM DEPARTMENT
- In blow room the tuft size of cotton becomes smaller and smaller.
- In a word we can say a section in which the supplied compressed bales are opened, cleaned & blending or mixing to form uniform lap of specific length is called Blow room section.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
50-55 % |
27-35 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
| Polyester |
- |
- |
 |
| Blowroom Department |
2.CARDING DEPARTMENT
- Carding,
in textile production, a process of separating individual fibers, using a
series of dividing and redividing steps, that causes many of the fibers to
lie parallel to one another while also removing most of the remaining
impurities.
- This process lengthens the lap into a thin web, which is gathered into a rope-like form called a sliver. Further opening and fiber separation follows, as well as partial removal of short fiber and trash.
- The sliver is laid in an ascending spiral in cans of various diameters.
- For heavy, low count (length per unit of mass) yarns of average or lower quality, the card sliver goes directly to drawing.
- For lighter, high-count yarns requiring fineness, smoothness and strength the card sliver must first be combed.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
50-55 % |
27-35 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
| Polyester |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
 |
| Carding |
3. PREPARATORY (DRAWING) DEPARTMENT
- Drawing,
also called Drafting, in yarn manufacture, process of attenuating the
loose assemblage of fibers called sliver (q.v.) by passing it through a
series of rollers, thus straightening the individual fibers and making
them more parallel.
- Drawing follows either carding or combing and improves uniformity and fiber parallelism by doubling and drafting several individual slivers into a single into a single composite strand. Doubling averages the thick and thin portions, drafting further attenuates the mass and improves parallelism.
| Material | Relative humidity | Temperature |
|---|
| Cotton | 50-55 % | 27-35 °C |
| Viscose | 50-60 % | 27-35 °C |
| Polyester | 50-60 % | 27-35 °C |
|
%20DEPARTMENT.JPG "PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT") |
| Preparatory |
4. COMBER DEPARTMENT
- The comber is used in the production of medium, medium-fine and fine yarns. Within overall spinning process, the combing operation serves to improve the raw material.Yarn production is low, while generation of noil is high.
- After lapping, the fibers are combed with fine metal teeth to substantially remove all fibers below a predetermined length to remove any foreign matter and to improve fiber arrangement.
- The combed lap is than attenuated by drawing rolls and again condensed into a single sliver.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
50-55 % |
27-35 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
| Polyester |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
 |
| Comber |
- Simplex is an intermediate process in which fibers are converted into low twist lea called roving.
- The sliver which is taken from draw frame is thicker so it is not suitable for manufacturing of yarn.
- Its purpose is to prepare input package for next process.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
50-55 % |
27-35 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
| Polyester |
50-60 % |
27-35 °C |
 |
| Simplex |
6. SPINNING DEPARTMENT
- Spinning is the process of taking textile fibers and filaments and making them into yarn.
- Spinning involves many methods and different machines, depending on what kind of yarn is being made.
- Spinning is the final step in the cotton system, the feature that distinguishes it from twisting is the application of draft. The amount and point of draft application accounts for many of the subtle differences that require different humidity for apparently identical process.
| Material | Relative humidity | Temperature |
|---|
| Cotton | 50-60 % | 27-35 °C |
| Viscose | 50-60 % | 27-35 °C |
| Polyester | 55-60 % | 27-35 °C |
|
7. AUTO CONER (WINDING) DEPARTMENT
- The Autoconer is highly automated. It winds spun cotton yarn from cops to cones, analyzing it as it winds.
- Any faults are detected by the machine and cut before the yarn is spliced back together.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
60-65 % |
27-32 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-32 °C |
| Polyester |
55-60 % |
27-32 °C |
%20DEPARTMENT.JPG "CAR DRIVER") |
| Autoconer |
8. TFO DEPARTMENT
- The method of twisting two or more single yarns is called doubling or folding or ply twisting.
- Such yarns are designated as doubled yarn, folded yarn or plied yarn and the machines intended for the purpose are called doublers, ply-twisters or two-for-one (TFO) twisters.
- Two-For-One is a two-stage process where the yarns are doubled and then twisted.
- In TFO process two or more single yarns are twisted in order to enhance.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
50-60 % |
27-32 °C |
| Viscose |
50-60 % |
27-32 °C |
| Polyester |
55-60 % |
27-32 °C |
 |
| WHAT |
9. OE DEPARTMENT
- Open-end or turbine spinning combines drawing, roving, lapping and spinning. Staple fibers are fragmented as they are drawn from a sliver and fed into a small, fast spinning centrifugal devices.
- In this devices, the fibers are oriented and discharged as yarn, twist is imparted by the rotating turbine. This system is faster, quieter and less dusty than ring spinning.
- Open-end spinning is a technology for creating yarn without using a spindle.
- The O.E. machines that are now in market boasts of many a basic needs like, longer length of machine, higher speeds, able to process coarser hank, fewer
- Bigger supply of cans to open-end and bigger packages to weaving.
| Material | Relative humidity | Temperature |
|---|
| Cotton | 55-60 % | 30-35 °C |
| Viscose | 50-60 % | 30-35 °C |
| Polyester | 55-60 % | 30-35 °C |
|
10. SIZING DEPARTMENT
- Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
- Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn.
| Material |
Relative humidity |
Temperature |
| Cotton |
65-75% |
26-30°C |
| Viscose |
65-75% |
26-30°C |
| Polyester |
65-75% |
26-30°C |
 |
| Sizing |
11. WEAVING DEPARTMENT
- Weaving Department about loom mechanism, Loom is machine or device which is used to produce woven fabric.
- It is the central point of whole process of cloth production, It is a device used to weave cloth.
- In the simplest form of weaving, harnesses raise or depress alternate warp threads to form an opening called a shed. A shuttle containing a quill is kicked through the opening, trailing a thread of filling behind it.
- The lay and the reed then beat the thread firmly into one apex of the shed and up to the fell of the previously woven cloth. Each shuttle passage forms a pick.
- These actions are repeated at frequencies up to five per second.
- Each warp thread usually passes through a drop-wire that is released by a thread break and automatically stops the loom.
- Another automatic mechanism insert a new quill in the shuttle as the previous one is emptied without stopping the loom.
- Other mechanisms are actuated by filling breaks, improper shuttle boxing and the like, which stop the loom until it is manually restarted.
- Each cycle may leave a stop mark sufficient to cause an imperfection that may not be apparent until the fabric is dyed.
| Material | Relative humidity | Temperature |
|---|
| Cotton | 60-65 % | 26-30°C |
| Viscose | 50-60 % | 26-30°C |
| Polyester | 55-60 % | 26-30°C |
|
 |
| Weaving |
12. DYEING DEPARTMENT
- Dyeing and printing processes are value added treatment for
most textile materials.
- A dyeing process is the interaction between a dye and a
fibre, as well as the movement of dye into the internal part of the fibre.
- Dyeing and Finishing which is the final readying of a mill product for its particular market, ranges from cleaning to imparting special characteristics.
- The specific operations involved vary considerably, depending on the type of fiber, yarn or fabric and the end product usage.
- Operation are usually done in separate plants. These areas need not only normal heating, ventilation and fog removal systems but also removal of hot, dusty and toxic fumes from continuous ovens and tenters.
- Packaged chilling equipment is sometimes used to control temperature of preshrink chemicals, dyes and coatings that are applied to textile and yarns before finishing. Some of these processes require corrosive resistant material and equipment.
Temperature:
- For cotton Pre-treatment: 98°C,
- For cotton Biopolishing: 55°C,
- Cotton Dyeing: 50 - 60°C,
- During Turquise: 80°C,
- During Isothermal: 80°C,
- Red special: 60°C,
- White dyeing: 80°C,
- For Polyester Dyeing: 130°C,
- For Cotton Soaping: 98°C,
- Temperature during Softening & fixing: 40°C,
- For Cotton hot wash: 70 – 90°C,
- For Cotton Acid wash: 50 – 60°C,
 |
| Dyeing |
13.PRINTING DEPARTMENT
- In the best conditions the paper is designed to be stable in
a 45 – 55% relative humidity (RH) at 72°F environment.
- Excess moisture deteriorates textile printing quality,
reduces elasticity and tensile strength of certain fabrics, causes machine
damage and slow down the production and drying process.
 |
| Printing |
14.GARMENTS DEPARTMENT
- The garments department is responsible for converting
fabric into finished clothing. It involves several key sections, each playing a
crucial role in the production process.
- Garments
maintain a relative humidity (RH) of 60% lower.
 |
| Garments |
For sensor installation methods, see Temperature Sensor Installation Methods Part-1, Part-2
FAQs
Q: What is ideal RH for textile production?
A: Most textile operations maintain 50–65% RH to reduce static and improve fiber performance.
Conclusion
Effective humidity and temperature management in textiles is not just about comfort it directly impacts fabric strength, yarn quality, and production efficiency.
By maintaining proper climate conditions across departments such as spinning, weaving, dyeing, and garment finishing, manufacturers can:
- Reduce fabric shrinkage and static,
- Improve machine efficiency,
- Enhance yarn quality,
- Boost overall productivity
For long-term success, textile industries must invest in reliable HVAC, humidification plants, and automation systems.
Author: Insight Control System
Insight Control System provides technical education and practical guidance in the fields of Building Automation Systems (BAS), HVAC controls, PLC programming, sensors, and industrial automation. The content published on this platform is based on field experience, technical documentation analysis, and real-world system applications.
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%20DEPARTMENT.JPG "CAR DRIVER")
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